Prebiotic fibre
Liu, Y., Gibson, G. R., Walton, G. E., & Rastall, R. A. (2021). Soluble dietary fibers and their impact on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function: A review. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 24(6), 521–528.
Bedu-Ferrari, C., et al. (2022). Prebiotics and the human gut microbiota. Nutrients, 14(10), 2096.
Quigley, E. M. M. (2019). Prebiotics and probiotics in digestive health. Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17(2), 333–345.
Fastinger, N. D., Karr-Lilienthal, L. K., Spears, J. K., Swanson, K. S., Nava, G. M., Ohkuma, K., & Fahey, G. C. Jr. (2008). A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 27(2), 356–366.
Kishimoto, Y., Kanahori, S., Sakano, K., et al. (2013). Effect of long-term consumption of resistant maltodextrin on gastrointestinal functions in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European Journal of Nutrition, 52(2), 469–480.
Bertoia, M. L., et al. (2014). Resistant maltodextrin: Physiological functions and health benefits. Journal of Functional Foods, 9, 284–293.
Glutamine
Rao, R. K. (2011). Role of glutamine in protection of intestinal epithelial tight junctions. Journal of Nutrition, 141(5), 1061–1067.
Kim, M. H., et al. (2017). The roles of glutamine in the intestine and its implication in multiple intestinal diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(5), 1051.
Abbasi, F., et al. (2024). Glutamine supplementation and intestinal permeability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amino Acids, 56(4),
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Beaumont, M., Roura, E., Lambert, W., Turni, C., Michiels, J. and Chalvon-Demersay, T. (2022). Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach? Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1066898.
Glycine
Meléndez-Hevia, E., de Paz-Lugo, P., Cornish-Bowden, A., & Cárdenas, M. L. (2009). The puzzle of the glycine paradox in collagen synthesis: A solution based on metabolic pathways. Journal of Biosciences, 34(4), 509–521.
Zhong, Z., Wheeler, M. D., Li, X., Froh, M., Schemmer, P., Yin, M., & Bunzendahl, H. (2003). L-Glycine: A novel anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 6(2), 229–240.
Zinc
Wan, Y., et al. (2022). The impact of zinc and zinc homeostasis on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 931308.
Miyoshi, Y., et al. (2016). Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291(49), 25232–25245.
Cai, C., et al. (2025). Zinc alleviates gut barrier dysfunction by promoting the ZNG1–METAP1–PRMT5–AKT–SDMA pathway. Advanced Science, 12(15),
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Vitamin C
Drouin, G., Godin, J. R., & Pagé, B. (2015). The roles of vitamin C in wound healing and intestinal barrier function: A review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 28(2), 143–155.
Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211.
Otten, A.T., Bourgonje, A.R., Peters, V., Alizadeh, B.Z., Dijkstra, G. and Harmsen, H.J.M. (2021). Vitamin C Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Leads to Shifts of Bacterial Populations in the Gut - A Pilot Study. Antioxidants, 10(8), p.1278.
Hazan, S., Dave, S., Papoutsis, A.J., Deshpande, N., Howell, M.C. and Martin, L.M. (2022). Vitamin C improves gut Bifidobacteria in humans. Future Microbiology.